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  30. <meta content="The ecosystems and biota we see today represent the evolution of life over a period of almost four billion years. Over the past several hundred million years the diversity of life has changed markedly as a result of evolutionary and other forces. Environmental fluctuations have led to changes in ecosystems and biota. Over the past 15 million years or so
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  41. <meta content="Ecology, Uncertainty and Policy Managing Ecosystems For Sustainability" name="eprints.book_title" />
  42. <meta content="Beer, T. and Ziolkowski, F. (1995) Environmental Risk Assessment: an Australian
  43. Perspective. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Servile. Bishop, R. (1978) Endangered species and uncertainty: the economics of a safe minimum standard. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 60: 10-18. Boyce, M. (1992) A critical review of population viability analysis. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics.
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  45. Burgman, M.A., Ferson, S. and Akcakaya, H.R. (1993) Risk Assessment in Conservation
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  47. Carpenter, S.R., Caraco, N.F., Howarth, R.W., Sharpley, A.N. and Smith, V.H. (1998) Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Applications 8: 559-68.
  48. Cocklin, C, Parker, S. and Hay, J. (1992) Notes on cumulative environmental change I: concepts and issues. Journal of Environmental Managemerzt 35: 31-49.
  49. Common, M.S. (1995) Sustainability and Policy. Limits to Economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Common, M.S. and Norton, T.W. (1994) Biodiversity, natural resource accounting
  50. and ecological monitoring. Environmental and Resource Economics 4: 29-53. Costanza, R. (1989) What is ecological economics? Ecological Economics 1: 1-7. Costanza, R. and Perrings, CA. (1990) A flexible assurance bonding system for
  51. improved environmental management. Ecological Economics 2: 57-76. Dovers, S.R., Norton, T.W. and Handmer, J.W. (1996) Uncertainty, ecology, sustainability and policy. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 1143-67. Ehrlich, P.R. and Ehrlich, A.H. (1990) The Population Explosion. New York: Simon and Schuster.
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  57. management. In': Norton, T.W., Beer, T. and Dovers, S.R.·(eds) Risk and Uncertainty in Environmental Management, 54-67. Proceedings of the 1995 Fenner Conference on the Environment, Australian Academy of Sciences and
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  65. planning. Forest Ecology and Management 74: 23-36.
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  67. and environmental requirements for fresh water. Ecological Applications
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  69. Nix, H.A. (1994) Assessment framework and information requirements. In: Jakeman, A.J. and Pittock, A.B. (eds) Climate Impact Assessment Methods for Asia and the Pacific. Canberra: Australian International Development Assistance
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  71. Norton, T.W. (1996) Conserving biological diversity in Australia's temperate eucalypt forests. Forest Ecology and Management 86: 128-42.
  72. Norton, T.W. and Possingham, H.P. (1993) Wildlife modelling for biodiversity conservation. In: Jakeman, A.j., Beck, B. and McAleer, M. (eds) Modelling Change in Environmental Systems. Sydney: Wiley and Sons, 243-65.
  73. Norton, T.W. and Williams, J.E. (1992) Habitat modelling and simulation for nature conservation: a need to deal systematically with uncertainty. Mathematics
  74. and Computers in Simulation 33: 379-84.
  75. Norton, T.W., Beer, T. and Dovers, S.R. (1996) Risk and Uncertainty in Environmental
  76. Management. Proceedings of the 1995 Fenner Conference on the Environment, Australian Academy of Sciences and the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra.
  77. Orians, G.H. (1993) Policy implications for global climate change. In: Kareiva, P., Kingsolver, j.G. and Huey, R.B. (eds) Biotic Interactions and Climate Change. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 467-79.
  78. Perrings, C.A., Folke, C. and Maler K.-G. (1993) The ecology and economics of biodiversity loss: the research agenda. Ambio 22: 201-11. Perrings, C.A., Maler, K.-G., Folke, c., Holling, C.S. and Jansson, B.-O. (1995) Biodiversity Conservation. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pickett, S.T.A. and White, P.S. (1985) The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Orlando, Fla: Academic Press. Pitelka, L.F. (1998) Air pollution and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecological Applications
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  80. Platt, W.J. and Peet, R.K. (1998) Ecological concepts in conservation biology: lessons from Southeastern U.S. ecosystems. Ecological Applications 8: 907-8. Proffitt, C.E. and Devlin, D.J. (1998) Are there cumulative effects in red mang~
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  86. M.G. and Gardner, R.H. (eds) Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York: Springer Verlag, 323-51. Underwood, A.J. (1994) On beyond BACI: sampling designs that might reliably detect environmental disturbances. Ecological Applications 4: 3-15. United Nations Environment Programme (1995) Global Biodiversity Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Vitousek, P.M., Ehrlich, P.R., Ehrlich, A.H. and Matson, P. (1986) Human appropriation and the products of photosynthesis. BioScience 36: 368-73.
  87. Williams, J.E., Norton, T.W. and Nix, H.A. (1994) Climate Change and the Maintenance of Conservation Values in Terrestrial Ecosystems. A report to the Climate Change and Marine Branch, Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories, Canberra.
  88. Wilson, E.O. (1992) The Diversity of Life. London: Penguin.
  89. Woinarski, J.C.Z. (1992) Biogeography and conservation status of mammals, birds and reptiles of north-western Australia: an inventory and base for planning
  90. an ecological reserve system. Wildlife Research 19: 665-705.
  91. World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Yodzis, P. (1994) Predator-prey theory and management of multispecies fisheries. Ecological Applications 4: 51-8." name="eprints.referencetext" />
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  218.     <h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Challenges to ecosystem management and some implications for science and policy</h1>
  219.     <p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Norton, Tony W.</span> (2001) <xhtml:em>Challenges to ecosystem management and some implications for science and policy.</xhtml:em> In: Ecology, Uncertainty and Policy Managing Ecosystems For Sustainability. . Prentice Hall, Harlow, England, pp. 26-40. ISBN 0130161217</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2496/1/Challenges_to_ecosystem1.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/2496/1/Challenges_to_ecosystem1.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />2194Kb</td><td><form method="get" accept-charset="utf-8" action="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/request_doc"><input accept-charset="utf-8" value="3284" name="docid" type="hidden" /><div class=""><input value="Request a copy" name="_action_null" class="ep_form_action_button" onclick="return EPJS_button_pushed( '_action_null' )" type="submit" /> </div></form></td></tr></table><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">The ecosystems and biota we see today represent the evolution of life over a period of almost four billion years. Over the past several hundred million years the diversity of life has changed markedly as a result of evolutionary and other forces. Environmental fluctuations have led to changes in ecosystems and biota. Over the past 15 million years or so&#13;
  220. many regions of the planet have become more arid and this has led to&#13;
  221. changes in their constituent biota.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Book Chapter</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/260000.html">260000 Earth Sciences</a><br /><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300900.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences &gt; 300900 Land, Parks and Agriculture Management</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">2496</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Scholarly Publications Librarian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">23 Nov 2007 15:16</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=2496;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&amp;eprintid=2496">item control page</a></p>
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